Anterior approach to the thoracolumbar spine: technical considerations.

Forty-five patients, of whom most were children, underwent extensive exposure of the thoracolumbar spine to correct serious orthopedic abnormalities. The spine was exposed through a combined thoracotomy and retroperitoneal approach that gave excellent access with minimal morbidity. The diaphragm was opened circumferentially after the peritoneum had been dissected from its muscular portion. This permitted repair of the diaphragm with no detectable loss of function. Although this approach was developed for exposure of the spine, it can also be utilized to expose the entire aorta, both kidneys and their blood supply, and the retroperitoneal area for possible excision of large tumors.