Combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: response and effect on survival.

Forty patients with metastatic breast cancer who had received no previous cytotoxic therapy were treated with a combination chemotherapy program CMF (P), which included methotrexate, 60 mg/m2, and 5-fluorouracil, 700 mg/m2 intravenously on the first and eighth days, in addition to cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/m2, and prednisone, 40 mg/m2, by mouth daily from the first to the fourteenth day of a 28-day cycle. Only 2 of 25 patients responded to hormonal therapy or endocrine ablation. Twenty-seven of the 40 patients (68%) had a complete response (8 patients) or partial response (19 patients). Lung, soft tissue, and nodal metastases were the most responsive sites. The median survival of 18 months for the responding group. The nonresponders had a median survival of 4 months. The toxicity was primarily hematologic and was especially severe in patients with functional liver impairment due to metastatic disease.