Comparative study of the strategies evolved by two parasitoids of the genus Asobara to avoid the immune response of the host, Drosophila melanogaster.

Asobara tabida and Asobara citri are two braconid endoparasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. We studied and compared the strategies evolved by these two species to avoid the immune reaction of their host. A. tabida has no negative impact on host cellular defenses and its eggs avoid encapsulation by adhering to host tissues. At the opposite, we found that A. citri, whose eggs are devoid of adhesive properties, affects the host encapsulation abilities, hemolymph phenoloxidase activity and concentrations of circulating hemocytes. Some of these effects could directly rely on a severe disruption of the hematopoietic organ anterior lobes observed in parasitized larvae. This is the first report of the immune suppressive abilities of a parasitoid from the Asobara genus. Results are presented and discussed with respect to the strategies of virulence evolved by other parasitoids to counteract the D. melanogaster immune system.