Interspike interval correlations, memory, adaptation, and refractoriness in a leaky integrate-and-fire model with threshold fatigue.

Neuronal adaptation as well as interdischarge interval correlations have been shown to be functionally important properties of physiological neurons. We explore the dynamics of a modified leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron, referred to as the LIF with threshold fatigue, and show that it reproduces these properties. In this model, the postdischarge threshold reset depends on the preceding sequence of discharge times. We show that in response to various classes of stimuli, namely, constant currents, step currents, white gaussian noise, and sinusoidal currents, the model exhibits new behavior compared with the standard LIF neuron. More precisely, (1) step currents lead to adaptation, that is, a progressive decrease of the discharge rate following the stimulus onset, while in the standard LIF, no such patterns are possible; (2) a saturation in the firing rate occurs in certain regimes, a behavior not seen in the LIF neuron; (3) interspike intervals of the noise-driven modified LIF under constant current are correlated in a way reminiscent of experimental observations, while those of the standard LIF are independent of one another; (4) the magnitude of the correlation coefficients decreases as a function of noise intensity; and (5) the dynamics of the sinusoidally forced modified LIF are described by iterates of an annulus map, an extension to the circle map dynamics displayed by the LIF model. Under certain conditions, this map can give rise to sensitivity to initial conditions and thus chaotic behavior.