Hassan N Ibrahim1, Thomas H Hostetter. 1. Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. ibrah007@umn.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Interruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, chiefly with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, has yielded beneficial results in retarding injury and progression in numerous intrinsic renal diseases. The renoprotection offered by these agents is incomplete and far from optimal. Studying mediators of progression other than angiotensin II is therefore extremely important. The emerging role of aldosterone in progression of renal disease and the utility of its antagonism is discussed here. RECENT FINDINGS: The experimental evidence linking aldosterone to renal disease is discussed. The exciting results from clinical studies employing mineralocorticoid receptor blockers are also described. SUMMARY: Aldosterone antagonism offers additional antiproteinuric benefits to those achieved with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Long-term trials addressing effectiveness and safety, especially in regards to hyperkalemia, are greatly needed.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Interruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, chiefly with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, has yielded beneficial results in retarding injury and progression in numerous intrinsic renal diseases. The renoprotection offered by these agents is incomplete and far from optimal. Studying mediators of progression other than angiotensin II is therefore extremely important. The emerging role of aldosterone in progression of renal disease and the utility of its antagonism is discussed here. RECENT FINDINGS: The experimental evidence linking aldosterone to renal disease is discussed. The exciting results from clinical studies employing mineralocorticoid receptor blockers are also described. SUMMARY:Aldosterone antagonism offers additional antiproteinuric benefits to those achieved with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Long-term trials addressing effectiveness and safety, especially in regards to hyperkalemia, are greatly needed.
Authors: Dirk Heitzmann; Renaud Derand; Stefan Jungbauer; Sascha Bandulik; Christina Sterner; Frank Schweda; Abeer El Wakil; Enzo Lalli; Nicolas Guy; Raymond Mengual; Markus Reichold; Ines Tegtmeier; Saïd Bendahhou; Celso E Gomez-Sanchez; M Isabel Aller; William Wisden; Achim Weber; Florian Lesage; Richard Warth; Jacques Barhanin Journal: EMBO J Date: 2007-11-22 Impact factor: 11.598
Authors: Seetha U Monrad; Paul D Killen; Marc R Anderson; Amanda Bradke; Mariana J Kaplan Journal: Arthritis Res Ther Date: 2008-01-15 Impact factor: 5.156