Genetic mapping of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) applied to the detection of QTLs for seedlessness and berry weight.

Parental and consensus genetic maps of Vitis vinifera L. (2n = 38) were constructed using a F(1) progeny of 139 individuals from a cross between two partially seedless genotypes. The consensus map contained 301 markers [250 amplification fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), 44 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), three isozymes, two random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), one sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR), and one phenotypic marker, berry color] mapped onto 20 linkage groups, and covered 1,002 cM. The maternal map consisted of 157 markers covering 767 cM (22 groups). The paternal map consisted of 144 markers covering 816 cM (23 groups). Differences in recombination rates between these maps and another unpublished map are discussed. The major gene for berry color was mapped on both the paternal and consensus maps. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for several quantitative subtraits of seedlessness in 3 successive years were searched for, based on parental maps: berry weight, seed number, seed total fresh and dry weights, seed percent dry matter, and seed mean fresh and dry weights. QTLs with large effects (R(2) up to 51%) were detected for all traits and years at the same location on one linkage group, with some evidence for the existence of a second linked major QTL for some of them. For these major QTLs, differences in relative parental effects were observed between traits. Three QTLs with small effects (R(2) from 6% to 11%) were also found on three other linkage groups, for berry weight and seed number in a single year, and for seed dry matter in 2 different years.