Rebound hepatosplenomegaly in type 1 Gaucher disease.

A 19-year-old male patient with type 1 Gaucher disease was put on regular biweekly infusions of alglucerase. After 1 yr of treatment, hepatic and splenic volumes decreased from 38 and 45 mL/kg to 31 and 34 mL/kg, respectively. In addition, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count and white cell count increased, acid phosphatase level decreased, and the patient gained weight and energy. Despite improvement, the patient refused enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) because of muscle rigidity, chest pain, trembling and anxiety, which he attributed to enzyme substitution. Two and 4.5 year after cessation of therapy, hepatic and splenic volumes increased to 36 and 53 mL/kg and to 53 and 110 mL/kg, respectively. The patient developed non-tractable hematuria because of compression and dislocation of the left kidney by the enlarged spleen, which necessitated splenectomy. This report suggests that cessation of ERT in Gaucher disease may result in severe and complicated rebound visceromegaly.