Quantitative assessment of pericardial effusion volume by two-dimensional echocardiography.

The clinical applicability of a method for quantifying pericardial effusion (PE) was studied. The pericardial and cardiac volumes were determined from border tracings of 2-dimensional echocardiograms fitted with 3-dimensional disk models. The PE volume was the difference between pericardial and cardiac volumes. A phantom study included 54 cases with different volumes and viewing geometry showed a correlation coefficient r = 0.98 and an accuracy of +/- 6%. A clinical study included 20 cases showing that the estimated PE volume correlated well with that drained surgically (between 100 mL and 1200 mL): y = 0.81 x + 120 mL; r = 0.91, P <.0001. The percent error, determined by the standard error of the estimate (114 mL) over mean (548 mL), was 20%. Intraobserver variability was 4% and interobserver variability 6%. The 3-dimensional disk method provides a quick and convenient way to quantify PE from 2-dimensional echocardiograms with acceptable accuracy and reproducibility.