Characterization of the genomic structure and expression of the mouse Apex2 gene.

We isolated a mouse cDNA encoding APEX2 protein and demonstrated that APEX2 binds to PCNA. The level of Apex2 mRNA was high in the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and kidney in adult mice. Apex2 consists of six exons and is flanked on the 3' end by Alas2 on X chromosome 63.0. Furthermore, Apex2 is flanked on the 5' end by a novel gene with a 106-bp intergenic sequence. We disrupted Apex2 in embryonic stem cells derived from a male mouse, and a 55-kDa APEX2 protein was detected in the nuclei of Apex2(+) but not Apex2-disrupted cells. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that APEX2 is also localized in the mitochondria of Apex2(+) cells. In serum-stimulated BALB/c 3T3 cells, the level of Apex2 mRNA was transiently increased and the level of APEX2 reached a maximum in the late S phase, thus indicating that APEX2 may participate in postreplicative base excision repair.