OBJECTIVES: Clock drawing tests (CDT) appear to be less vulnerable to linguistic, cultural, or educational bias than traditional dementia screening instruments. We investigated a Spanish language translation of CLOX: an executive CDT, in a community sample of Hispanic elders. METHODS: In-home CLOX evaluations of 1309 Mexican-American elders were reviewed. RESULTS: Both CLOX1 (an executive CDT) and CLOX2 (a constructional CDT) showed good internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha; both alpha = 0.82). Cultural-demographic variables had little effect on CLOX scores. Although language had a significant effect on CLOX1 failure rates, this was not mediated by age, education, acculturation or income. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Spanish CLOX can be validly administered to community-based Hispanic elder samples regardless of education or acculturation. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OBJECTIVES: Clock drawing tests (CDT) appear to be less vulnerable to linguistic, cultural, or educational bias than traditional dementia screening instruments. We investigated a Spanish language translation of CLOX: an executive CDT, in a community sample of Hispanic elders. METHODS: In-home CLOX evaluations of 1309 Mexican-American elders were reviewed. RESULTS: Both CLOX1 (an executive CDT) and CLOX2 (a constructional CDT) showed good internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha; both alpha = 0.82). Cultural-demographic variables had little effect on CLOX scores. Although language had a significant effect on CLOX1 failure rates, this was not mediated by age, education, acculturation or income. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Spanish CLOX can be validly administered to community-based Hispanic elder samples regardless of education or acculturation. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authors: Michael Crowe; Richard M Allman; Kristen Triebel; Patricia Sawyer; Roy C Martin Journal: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2010-07-03 Impact factor: 2.813
Authors: Donald R Royall; Raymond F Palmer; Laura K Chiodo; Marsha J Polk; Kyriakos S Markides; Helen Hazuda Journal: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 3.485