Isolation of a large thaumatin-like antifungal protein from seeds of the Kweilin chestnut Castanopsis chinensis.

A protein with an N-terminal sequence showing a much lesser extent of homology than French bean and kiwi fruit thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) to other TLPs, and possessing a molecular mass of 30 kDa which is considerably higher than those of previously reported TLPs, has been purified from the seeds of the chestnut Castanopsis chinensis Hance. The protein was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.3), and adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel in the same buffer, on CM-cellulose in 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5), and on Mono S in 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5). A highly purified protein preparation was obtained after fractionation on the first three chromatographic media. Castanopsis TLP appeared as a single band (30 kDa) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as a single peak (30 kDa) in gel filtration on Superdex 75 by fast protein liquid chromatography. The TLP exerted antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora piricola, with an IC(50) of 0.5 microM against F. oxysporum. Castanopsis TLP was more potent than French bean and kiwi fruit TLPs in its antifungal activity toward F. oxysporum and M. arachidicola. The antifungal activity of Castanopsis TLP remained essentially unaltered after incubation at 40 degrees C for 10 min, was reduced after incubation at 60 degrees C, and disappeared after treatment at 80 degrees C. The antifungal activity underwent a decline after treatment with trypsin (enzyme:substrate ratio 1:100) at 37 degrees C for 1h but some activity remained. Castanopsis TLP exhibited a much more potent inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC(50) = 1.6 microM) than kiwi fruit TLP (IC(50) > or = 27 microM). Castanopsis TLP was obtained with a yield of 20 mg from 1 kg chestnut seeds.