E A Miles1, E Allen, P C Calder. 1. Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. eam@soton.ac.uk
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) are usually formed from arachidonic acid (e.g. PGE(2), LTB(4), LTC(4)). The anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil may be mediated through the production of alternative PG and/or LT formed from eicosapentaenoic acid (e.g. PGE(3), LTC(5)). This study examines the effects of PG and LT derived from different fatty acid precursors on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production by cultured human whole blood. Methods Human whole blood was diluted 1:5 and incubated for 48h with lipopolysaccharide. PGE and LT were added and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the cell culture supernatants determined. RESULTS: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations were significantly decreased by the addition of PGE. At the maximum concentration used (10(-6)M) TNF-alpha concentration was reduced to 100%, 90% and 70% by PGE(1), PGE(2) and PGE(3) respectively. Likewise, interleukin (IL)-1beta concentration was decreased to 60%, 30% and 40% by 10(-6)M PGE(1), PGE(2) and PGE(3), respectively. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were not altered by PG. LTB(4), LTC(4) or LTC(5) did not significantly affect cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: PGE inhibit lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production in human whole blood cultures. PGE(1), PGE(2) and PGE(3) show a similar pattern and magnitude of effect. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil may not be mediated through a simple substitution of one family of eicosanoids for another.
INTRODUCTION:Prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) are usually formed from arachidonic acid (e.g. PGE(2), LTB(4), LTC(4)). The anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil may be mediated through the production of alternative PG and/or LT formed from eicosapentaenoic acid (e.g. PGE(3), LTC(5)). This study examines the effects of PG and LT derived from different fatty acid precursors on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production by cultured human whole blood. Methods Human whole blood was diluted 1:5 and incubated for 48h with lipopolysaccharide. PGE and LT were added and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the cell culture supernatants determined. RESULTS:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations were significantly decreased by the addition of PGE. At the maximum concentration used (10(-6)M) TNF-alpha concentration was reduced to 100%, 90% and 70% by PGE(1), PGE(2) and PGE(3) respectively. Likewise, interleukin (IL)-1beta concentration was decreased to 60%, 30% and 40% by 10(-6)M PGE(1), PGE(2) and PGE(3), respectively. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were not altered by PG. LTB(4), LTC(4) or LTC(5) did not significantly affect cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS:PGE inhibit lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production in human whole blood cultures. PGE(1), PGE(2) and PGE(3) show a similar pattern and magnitude of effect. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil may not be mediated through a simple substitution of one family of eicosanoids for another.
Authors: Gerard Clarke; Peter Fitzgerald; Alan A Hennessy; Eugene M Cassidy; Eamonn M M Quigley; Paul Ross; Catherine Stanton; John F Cryan; Timothy G Dinan Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2009-11-11 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: Paul Walsh; Nicole Behrens; Francisco R Carvallo Chaigneau; Heather McEligot; Karan Agrawal; John W Newman; Mark Anderson; Laurel J Gershwin Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-04-13 Impact factor: 3.240