Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

A 7-month-old girl with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is reported. In diffusion MRI, the pyramidal tracts and dentate nuclei had high signal on b = 1,000 s/mm2 images and low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. This pattern likely reflected the presence of abnormal (dystrophic) axons with restricted mobility of water molecules. A reverse pattern was evident in the cerebellar cortex with high ADC values. This was likely a reflection of dysmyelination or lack of myelination.