Symptomatic hyperlactatemia in an HIV-positive patient: a case report and discussion.

Prolonged exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy may be associated with adverse effects related to mitochondrial toxicity, such as hyperlactatemia. We describe a case of symptomatic hyperlactatemia in an HIV-positive patient to illustrate the subtle clinical symptoms and abnormal laboratory test results associated with this condition. We also review the pathophysiology, prevalence, spectrum and management of disturbances in lactate homeostasis induced by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.