Activated beta-catenin induces osteoblast differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells and participates in BMP2 mediated signal transduction.

Wnt glycoproteins are important regulators of cellular differentiation and embryonic development. Some Wnt proteins induce stabilization of beta-catenin which cooperatively regulates gene expression with LEF/Tcf transcription factors. Here we demonstrate a direct role for beta-catenin signaling in osteoblast differentiation and in BMP2-mediated signal transduction. Similar to treatment with BMP-2 protein, ectopic expression of stabilized beta-catenin in C3H10T1/2 cells or activation of endogenous beta-catenin signaling with LiCl induces expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA and protein, a defined marker of early osteoblast differentiation. Unlike BMP2 protein, stabilized beta-catenin does not induce osteocalcin gene expression, a marker of late osteoblast differentiation. BMP2-induced differentiation also leads to activation of endogenous beta-catenin signaling thus implicating beta-catenin in early steps of BMP2-mediated osteoblast differentiation. Effects of beta-catenin and BMP2 on C3H10T1/2 differentiation are not completely overlapping, implying that some aspects of BMP2-induced differentiation may be mediated by beta-catenin signaling and that beta-catenin can also participate in non-BMP2-dependent differentiation processes.