Effect of seed mass on germination and growth in three dominant species in southern Brazilian coastal dunes.

The effect of seed mass on germination and growth was tested in fresh-seeds of Blutaparon portulacoides, Panicum racemosum, and Spartina ciliata, selected at random in southern Brazilian populations. The seed mass varied within a population of the three species. Both B. portulacoides and P. racemosum showed normal frequency distribution of seed mass, while S. ciliata did not. Significant differences were observed in seed germination between large and small seeds of all species. In all species the capacity of seedling elongation was greater in seedlings of large seeds than those of small ones. Relative growth rate of seedlings of P. racemosum and S. ciliata decreased with time in all seed mass size-classes. On the other hand, the relative growth rate of B. portulacoides seedlings increased during the first 40 days. Seed mass is an important biological factor, affecting seed germination, seedling elongation, and growth of these species, and favoring large seeds, specially in areas of active sand accretion like coastal dunes.