Thrombosis in children: current perspective and distinct challenges.

Coincident with a true increase in the incidence of thrombosis in childhood has come an appreciation of the impact of thromboembolic events upon children. In part, the greater awareness of childhood thrombosis reflects improved diagnostic imaging, which allows more sensitive identification of clots in infants and children. At the same time, advances in supportive care have meant that more children are being exposed to, surviving and living with thromboembolic risk factors and complications than previously. Because data regarding pediatric thrombosis have been lacking, treatment strategies have been extrapolated from experience in adults. This approach, however, results in diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls. An understanding of issues unique to pediatric thrombosis is required; recent insights and the ongoing challenges are reviewed.