The effects of growth regulators on somaclonal variation in rye (Secale cereale L.) and selection of somaclonal variants with increased agronomic traits.

The aim of this research was to characterize somaclonal variation in populations derived from embryos cultured on two types of induction medium (supplemented with either 2,4-D or dicamba), as well as to select and characterize several somaclonal lines. The sexual progenies of 40 R(0)regenerants - A somaclones (derived on the medium with 2,4-D) and B somaclones (derived on the medium with dicamba) - were analysed according to the following traits: plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, spike compactness, number of normally developed grains per spike, weight of grains per spike, and the weight of 1000 grains. The results for twenty-two R(1)plants surpassed the variability range for the control. The transmission of positive changes to the next generation was proved in the case of 8 originally chosen R(1) plants: 7 plants selected from the A somaclones and one plant from the B somaclones. Five out of the eight created somaclonal lines proved to be stable somaclonal variants. The absolute rate of the efficiency of positive somaclonal changes was calculated as 0.64%.