Ribosomal DNA variation in the grasshopper, Dichroplus elongatus.

We report an RFLP analysis of ribosomal DNA variation in natural populations of the grasshopper, Dichroplus elongatus, previously analyzed for mitochondrial DNA variation. DNA samples were digested with five restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, and XbaI. BamHI was the only enzyme that showed no variation. The remaining enzymes showed fragment size variation at both intra- and interpopulation levels. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the average number of length variants per individual is significantly associated with altitude. Moreover, the same analysis indicated that the frequency of some restriction variants exhibits a significant regression on both geographic and climatic variables. The intra- and interpopulation variability of rDNA was analysed by Lynch's and Hedrick's similarity indices using presence or absence of a fragment and band intensities, respectively. The corresponding neighbour-joining (N-J) trees based on Lynch's and Hedrick's genetic distances resulted in similar topologies. However, these trees were not in agreement with the N-J dendrogram obtained from mtDNA data previously reported by Clemente et al. (2000). The disagreement between mtDNA and rDNA phenograms along with the observed correlation between rDNA variability and geographical and climatic variables suggest some form of selection, besides genetic drift and migration, is involved in the pattern of rDNA variation.