Vaccination against tumor neovascularization: Promise and reality.

Immunization against angiogenic-associated antigens selectively expressed on tumor vasculature provides for a novel strategy to block tumor growth. The feasibility of this approach has recently been borne out in several reports demonstrating that the protein or DNA of angiogenic molecules, such as VEGF-R2, can be used as vaccines to generate an effective cytotoxic T cell and antibody response against tumor vessels, thereby blocking tumor growth and metastasis.