Identification of genomic differences between Escherichia coli strains pathogenic for poultry and E. coli K-12 MG1655 using suppression subtractive hybridization analysis.

Diseases of poultry caused by Escherichia coli result in significant economic loss every year. Specific virulence factors associated with E. coli strains pathogenic for poultry have been identified, but it is likely that others remain to be identified. To identify unique DNA fragments associated with avian strains we used suppression subtractive hybridization. The genome of E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 was subtracted from the genomes of two avian E. coli strains resulting in the identification of 62 fragments specific to the two avian strains. Sequence homology analysis was done and four types of fragments were identified: plasmid sequences, phage sequences, sequences with known function and sequences without any currently known function. Two E. coli collections, a reference collection of diverse strains (ECOR) and a collection of 41 avian isolates, were screened for the presence of 25 of the 62 fragments. We identified nine fragments present in significantly more of the avian strains than of the ECOR strains. Five fragments were in significantly more of the ECOR strains than the avian strains. These results suggested that the nine fragments could play a role in the pathogenesis of E. coli as it relates to diseases of poultry.