Effect of dietary fiber on endogenous nitrogen flows in lactating dairy cows.

The effect of dietary fiber on endogenous N secretion was studied using a 15N isotope dilution technique in four fistulated Holstein cows. Two isonitrogenous diets differing only in fiber (NDF and ADF) content were used in a crossover design. One diet (HF) contained 37.4% NDF, while the other (LF) contained 23.3%. A new model was developed to estimate endogenous N secretions and losses for the preintestinal, intestinal, and the total sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Three precursor pools: TCA-soluble fraction of plasma, intestinal mucosa, and milk were compared. Although endogenous losses estimated with the model were numerically different for each precursor pool selected (TCA-soluble fraction > mucosa > milk), treatment effects were similar. As intestinal mucosa is probably closest to the precursor pool, these data are discussed. Non-urea N endogenous secretions contributed 13% of the duodenal N flow but were not affected by the fiber content of the diet. The nonurea N endogenous flow at the duodenum was comprised of approximately equal inputs from endogenous N direct, and that incorporated into the microbial biomass. Total endogenous N flows at the duodenum exceeded, by nearly twofold, estimated inputs of urea-N to microbial biomass. Metabolic fecal output averaged 17% of fecal N and was not affected by level of dietary fiber, but net losses from secretions occurring in the small intestine were higher with the low fiber diet. Overall, endogenous N secretions represented 30% of total digestive tract protein synthesis.