Microchip electrophoresis-based separation of DNA.

Miniaturized instruments have developed very quickly in the last decade. This review is focused on the microchip electrophoresis-based separation of DNA. Fundamentals, including the chip format, substrates and fabrication technologies, fluid control, as well as various detection methods, are summarized. Array electrophoresis microchip and the on-chip integration of electrophoresis with other systems are introduced as well. In addition, the application of microchip electrophoresis in DNA sizing, genetic analysis and DNA sequencing are also presented in this paper.