Population cytogenetics of the genus Caledia (Orthoptera: Acridinae). I. Inter- and intraspecific karyotype diversity.

The genus Caledia acontains two species. C. species nova 1 is restricted to the Oriomo Plateau of S. W. Papua and has a complement of twelve telocentric chromosomes. The second species C. captiva has a much wider distribution pattern--from S.W. Papua in the North, down the entire Eastern seaboard of Australia to Southern Victoria. It is also found in the Northern Territory. Although the chromosome number is the same as C. species nova 1, four major and distinct chromosomal races can be distinguished in C. captiva.--The basic "ancestral" race is found in Tropical North Queensland at the base of the Cape York Peninsula. All twelve chromosomes are telocentric and the karyotypic organization is similar to that found in C. species nova 1 and in other Acridines. A second, "general purpose" karyotypic race has a wide distribution between S. W. Papua, Arnhem Land and the East Australian coast as far South as Brisbane. It is considered a derivative form of the "ancestral" type and is fixed for small pericentric inversions on seven pairs of chromosomes. In the South-Eastern Queensland region there exists a further race which carries large pericentric inversions on all the autosomes and the X chromosome. The situation here is confounded since the basic chromosomes can be represented as either acro- or telocentrics. Various levels of polymorphism for the inversions exist between different chromosomes in different populations indicating considerable differentiation within this zone. This race is almost completely surrounded by the "general purpose" karyotype where the races are contiguous in certain parts of the range.--The South-Eastern corner of Australia is characterised by a chromosome race quite different from those found further North. Here a complex pericentric inversion system exists involving a series of seven small inversions and larger inversions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 10. Chromosomes 2 and 4, in particular, are highly polymorphic.--The presence and persistence of these 4 chromosomal races can be accounted for in terms of the known climatic changes which have occured in this region in the recent past.