OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is association between infection with enteroviruses and beta-cell autoimmunity in children at elevated risk of developing type 1 diabetes. BACKGROUND: Recent prospective and case-control studies of children who are at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes have suggested that enterovirus (EV) infections are a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A nested matched case-control study of incident cases of beta-cell autoimmunity within two prospective cohorts of genetically high-risk children (cases=26, controls=39). EV infection was detected by PCR of serum, saliva and rectal swab samples. RESULTS: Prior to autoimmunity conversion (or the equivalent age in controls), 11.5% of cases and 17.9% of controls were positive for EV infection. EV was detected in 19.5% of cases and 25.6% of controls over the whole follow-up period. Conditional logistic regression gave no evidence that the frequency of EV infection was associated with beta-cell autoimmunity. There was a trend for the mean number of EV infections found in EV-positive cases (2.2/case) to be higher than in EV-positive controls (1.2/control, P=0.08). However, there were no multiple infections prior to conversion in either cases or controls. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence from this study that EV infection is a risk factor for development of beta-cell autoimmunity. Further study is needed to assess whether persistent or repeated EV infections occur frequently in individuals with beta-cell autoimmunity.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is association between infection with enteroviruses and beta-cell autoimmunity in children at elevated risk of developing type 1 diabetes. BACKGROUND: Recent prospective and case-control studies of children who are at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes have suggested that enterovirus (EV) infections are a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A nested matched case-control study of incident cases of beta-cell autoimmunity within two prospective cohorts of genetically high-risk children (cases=26, controls=39). EV infection was detected by PCR of serum, saliva and rectal swab samples. RESULTS: Prior to autoimmunity conversion (or the equivalent age in controls), 11.5% of cases and 17.9% of controls were positive for EV infection. EV was detected in 19.5% of cases and 25.6% of controls over the whole follow-up period. Conditional logistic regression gave no evidence that the frequency of EV infection was associated with beta-cell autoimmunity. There was a trend for the mean number of EV infections found in EV-positive cases (2.2/case) to be higher than in EV-positive controls (1.2/control, P=0.08). However, there were no multiple infections prior to conversion in either cases or controls. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence from this study that EV infection is a risk factor for development of beta-cell autoimmunity. Further study is needed to assess whether persistent or repeated EV infections occur frequently in individuals with beta-cell autoimmunity.
Authors: Hanna Honkanen; Sami Oikarinen; Noora Nurminen; Olli H Laitinen; Heini Huhtala; Jussi Lehtonen; Tanja Ruokoranta; Minna M Hankaniemi; Valérie Lecouturier; Jeffrey W Almond; Sisko Tauriainen; Olli Simell; Jorma Ilonen; Riitta Veijola; Hanna Viskari; Mikael Knip; Heikki Hyöty Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2017-01-09 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Ondrej Cinek; Lars C Stene; Lenka Kramna; German Tapia; Sami Oikarinen; Elisabet Witsø; Trond Rasmussen; Peter A Torjesen; Heikki Hyöty; Kjersti S Rønningen Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2014-07-23 Impact factor: 10.122