New technology platforms in the development of vaccines for the future.

The desire for improved quality of life in both industrialised and under-developed nations has led to the quest for greater understanding and subsequent prevention and treatment of diseases. Here we discuss some of the latest of modern medicine's approaches to vaccination and disease treatment. Our main subject of discussion being the novel antigen delivery systems termed immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs) and their use as vaccines. Particular attention is paid to the currently licensed Epaxal and Inflexal V, good examples of the improvements being made in vaccinology. Alternative uses of virosomes such as peptide delivery, cytosolic drug delivery and gene delivery are also considered, highlighting the flexibility of the IRIV formulation and method of action. The paper concludes with consideration of alternative novel approaches to vaccinology including bacterial carriers for DNA vaccines, recombinant MV vaccines and polysaccharide-protein conjugates.