Magnetic resonance angiographic techniques for the diagnosis of arterial disease.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques use inherent magnetization properties of tissues in combination with pharmacologic contrast agents, such as gadolinium, that shorten T1 relaxation time. The availability of powerful magnetic field gradients along with a variety of post-processing algorithms make MRA possible. MRA is widely used for the diagnosis of disease in a variety of vessels, including aorta, carotids, renals, mesenteric, and peripheral vessels. Performance of high-quality 3D contrast MRA requires appropriate understanding of MRA methodologies, including the critical dependence of bolus timing and ways to optimize it. Additionally, recognition of artifacts and learning to avoid them is important.