OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes in Luxembourg between 1983 and 2000. To compare the drug susceptibility of non-B and B clade viruses and the prevalence of resistance-associated mutations and polymorphisms before antiretroviral treatment. DESIGN: A retrospective study on plasma samples of HIV-infected patients registered at the National Service of Infectious Diseases, Luxembourg, between 1983 and 2000. METHODS: Genotyping was performed by sequencing of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease coding region of the pol gene. Drug susceptibility was assessed in a recombinant virus assay. RESULTS: A total of 20.1% of the HIV-positive patients were infected with non-B subtypes, and since 1990 the proportion of non-B viruses has increased ninefold. Eleven out of 14 F1 subtypes occurred in patients native to Luxembourg. Major resistance mutations related to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) occurred in less than 3% of treatment-naive viruses; however, 87% of the viruses had at least one PI-associated mutation. Natural polymorphism of the protease and RT coding region was observed more frequently among non-B than B viruses. Significantly more B viruses displayed resistance to the tested PI, NRTI and NNRTI (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION: The proportion of non-B viruses has increased dramatically since 1990. Non-B subtypes showed no decreased susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs, but displayed minor mutations and polymorphisms at higher frequency in their protease and RT coding region. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of B viruses showed resistance to a range of antiretroviral drugs.
OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes in Luxembourg between 1983 and 2000. To compare the drug susceptibility of non-B and B clade viruses and the prevalence of resistance-associated mutations and polymorphisms before antiretroviral treatment. DESIGN: A retrospective study on plasma samples of HIV-infectedpatients registered at the National Service of Infectious Diseases, Luxembourg, between 1983 and 2000. METHODS: Genotyping was performed by sequencing of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease coding region of the pol gene. Drug susceptibility was assessed in a recombinant virus assay. RESULTS: A total of 20.1% of the HIV-positive patients were infected with non-B subtypes, and since 1990 the proportion of non-B viruses has increased ninefold. Eleven out of 14 F1 subtypes occurred in patients native to Luxembourg. Major resistance mutations related to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) occurred in less than 3% of treatment-naive viruses; however, 87% of the viruses had at least one PI-associated mutation. Natural polymorphism of the protease and RT coding region was observed more frequently among non-B than B viruses. Significantly more B viruses displayed resistance to the tested PI, NRTI and NNRTI (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION: The proportion of non-B viruses has increased dramatically since 1990. Non-B subtypes showed no decreased susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs, but displayed minor mutations and polymorphisms at higher frequency in their protease and RT coding region. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of B viruses showed resistance to a range of antiretroviral drugs.
Authors: Susan H Eshleman; Oliver Laeyendecker; Neil Parkin; Wei Huang; Colombe Chappey; Agnes C Paquet; David Serwadda; Steven J Reynolds; Noah Kiwanuka; Thomas C Quinn; Ronald Gray; Maria Wawer Journal: AIDS Date: 2009-04-27 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Sabri Saeed Sanabani; Evelyn Regina de Souza Pastena; Walter Kleine Neto; Claudia C Barreto; Kelly T Ferrari; Erika M N Kalmar; Suzete Ferreira; Ester Cerdeira Sabino Journal: Virol J Date: 2009-06-16 Impact factor: 4.099
Authors: Dimitrios Paraskevis; Oliver Pybus; Gkikas Magiorkinis; Angelos Hatzakis; Annemarie Mj Wensing; David A van de Vijver; Jan Albert; Guiseppe Angarano; Birgitta Asjö; Claudia Balotta; Enzo Boeri; Ricardo Camacho; Marie-Laure Chaix; Suzie Coughlan; Dominique Costagliola; Andrea De Luca; Carmen de Mendoza; Inge Derdelinckx; Zehava Grossman; Osama Hamouda; Im Hoepelman; Andrzej Horban; Klaus Korn; Claudia Kücherer; Thomas Leitner; Clive Loveday; Eilidh Macrae; I Maljkovic-Berry; Laurence Meyer; Claus Nielsen; Eline Lm Op de Coul; Vidar Ormaasen; Luc Perrin; Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl; Lidia Ruiz; Mika O Salminen; Jean-Claude Schmit; Rob Schuurman; Vincent Soriano; J Stanczak; Maja Stanojevic; Daniel Struck; Kristel Van Laethem; M Violin; Sabine Yerly; Maurizio Zazzi; Charles A Boucher; Anne-Mieke Vandamme Journal: Retrovirology Date: 2009-05-20 Impact factor: 4.602