Epidemiology, presentation and treatment of pleural effusion.

Pleural effusion (PE) is the most common manifestation of pleural disorders. In children a PE is usually secondary to an underlying disorder. In developing countries PE most frequently results as a complication of a bacterial pneumonia. A high index of suspicion is required in order to avoid delays in diagnosis that may influence treatment and outcome. The diagnosis of PE in children is based on chest radiographs, thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis. This review discusses the usefulness of diagnostic methods and treatment in children with parapneumonic pleural effusion.