Treatment of postoperative pain after ophthalmic surgery.

For ophthalmic surgery we have to deal with a wide range of different patient characteristics. We treat young healthy children, in some cases even neonates, but on the other hand we have debilitated aging patients with multiple concomitant diseases. Treatment of postoperative pain is imperative for inpatients, but is even more important for patients who are treated on an outpatient basis. There also is a wide range of different types of ophthalmic surgical procedures. The postoperative care after a cataract extraction is only seldom complicated by severe pain and is completely different of that after a vitrectomy with scleral buckling. More aggressive surgery as enucleation or evisceration of an eye often is a very stressful and painful procedure. We certainly have some excellent strategies to cope with postoperative pain. We can use topical anesthetics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication. Regional anesthesia of the globe is extremely useful for anticipating on postoperative pain, especially when long-acting agents are used. We can administer analgesics by mouth or parenterally. Acetaminophen or paracetamol is widely used and can be supplemented with NSAIDs or opioids. Especially for children one has to use optimal doses of minor analgesics by an adequate route of administration in order to achieve a timely and efficient analgesia.