PURPOSE: We proposed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of activator protein 2 (AP-2) in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: AP-2 was immunohistochemically analyzed in a prospective, consecutive series of 420 breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated between 1990 and 1995 at Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. AP-2 expression was further compared with clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival. RESULTS: Nuclear AP-2 expression was lower in carcinomas compared with normal ductal breast epithelium (P < 0.001). Nuclear expression was more often seen in lobular than in ductal or other carcinomas (P = 0.048). Cytoplasmic staining was present in 47% of the carcinomas. Low nuclear AP-2 expression level in carcinomas was associated with advanced stage (P = 0.002), axillary lymph node positivity (P = 0.012), poor differentiation (P = 0.001), and recurrences (P = 0.003). In univariate survival analyses, low nuclear AP-2 expression (P = 0.0028), advanced stage (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastases (P < 0.0001), and poor differentiation (P = 0.0498) predicted shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS). Low nuclear AP-2 staining and/or shift to cytoplasmic expression predicted shorter RFS (P = 0.0050) and breast cancer-related survival (BCRS; P = 0.0314) in univariate analyses. Cytoplasmic expression alone did not have prognostic value. In multivariate analysis, low nuclear AP-2 expression (P = 0.0292) and advanced stage (P = 0.0001) were independent predictors of shorter RFS; and stage (P < 0.0001) and ER-status (P = 0.0321) independently predicted BCRS. In the lymph-node positive patients, RFS was independently predicted by stage (P = 0.0110) and nuclear AP-2 status (P = 0.0151). CONCLUSIONS: AP-2 seems to have a protective role in breast cancer. Low nuclear AP-2 expression was associated with disease progression and increased metastatic capability of the tumor. In addition, reduced nuclear AP-2 expression independently predicted elevated risk of recurrent disease in breast cancer.
PURPOSE: We proposed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of activator protein 2 (AP-2) in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:AP-2 was immunohistochemically analyzed in a prospective, consecutive series of 420 breast cancerpatients diagnosed and treated between 1990 and 1995 at Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. AP-2 expression was further compared with clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival. RESULTS: Nuclear AP-2 expression was lower in carcinomas compared with normal ductal breast epithelium (P < 0.001). Nuclear expression was more often seen in lobular than in ductal or other carcinomas (P = 0.048). Cytoplasmic staining was present in 47% of the carcinomas. Low nuclear AP-2 expression level in carcinomas was associated with advanced stage (P = 0.002), axillary lymph node positivity (P = 0.012), poor differentiation (P = 0.001), and recurrences (P = 0.003). In univariate survival analyses, low nuclear AP-2 expression (P = 0.0028), advanced stage (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastases (P < 0.0001), and poor differentiation (P = 0.0498) predicted shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS). Low nuclear AP-2 staining and/or shift to cytoplasmic expression predicted shorter RFS (P = 0.0050) and breast cancer-related survival (BCRS; P = 0.0314) in univariate analyses. Cytoplasmic expression alone did not have prognostic value. In multivariate analysis, low nuclear AP-2 expression (P = 0.0292) and advanced stage (P = 0.0001) were independent predictors of shorter RFS; and stage (P < 0.0001) and ER-status (P = 0.0321) independently predicted BCRS. In the lymph-node positive patients, RFS was independently predicted by stage (P = 0.0110) and nuclear AP-2 status (P = 0.0151). CONCLUSIONS:AP-2 seems to have a protective role in breast cancer. Low nuclear AP-2 expression was associated with disease progression and increased metastatic capability of the tumor. In addition, reduced nuclear AP-2 expression independently predicted elevated risk of recurrent disease in breast cancer.
Authors: Desmond G Powe; Gulfareen Akhtar; Hany Onsy Habashy; Tarek Abdel-Fatah; Emad A Rakha; Andrew R Green; Ian O Ellis Journal: Breast Cancer Res Date: 2009-12-21 Impact factor: 6.466
Authors: Hetty E Carraway; Shelun Wang; Amanda Blackford; Mingzho Guo; Penny Powers; Stacie Jeter; Nancy E Davidson; Pedram Argani; Kyle Terrell; James G Herman; Julie R Lange Journal: Breast Cancer Res Treat Date: 2008-04-11 Impact factor: 4.872
Authors: Christopher M J Williams; Angelo G Scibetta; J Karsten Friedrich; Monica Canosa; Chiara Berlato; Charlotte H Moss; Helen C Hurst Journal: EMBO J Date: 2009-10-01 Impact factor: 11.598
Authors: Lei Yu; Michael J Hitchler; Wenqing Sun; Ehab H Sarsour; Prabhat C Goswami; Aloysius J Klingelhutz; Frederick E Domann Journal: J Oncol Date: 2009-12-24 Impact factor: 4.375