Human MHC class I transgenic mice deficient for H2 class I expression facilitate identification and characterization of new HLA class I-restricted viral T cell epitopes.

Although mice transgenic (Tg) for human MHC (HLA) class I alleles could provide an important model for characterizing HLA-restricted viral and tumor Ag CTL epitopes, the extent to which Tg mouse T cells become HLA restricted in the presence of endogenous H2 class I and recognize the same peptides as in HLA allele-matched humans is not clear. We previously described Tg mice carrying the HLA-B27, HLA-B7, or HLA-A2 alleles expressed as fully native (HLA(nat)) (with human beta(2)-microglobulin) and as hybrid human/mouse (HLA(hyb)) molecules on the H2(b) background. To eliminate the influence of H2(b) class I, each HLA Tg strain was bred with a H2-K(b)/H2-D(b)-double knockout (DKO) strain to generate mice in which the only classical class I expression was the human molecule. Expression of each HLA(hyb) molecule and HLA-B27(nat)/human beta(2)-microglobulin led to peripheral CD8(+) T cell levels comparable with that for mice expressing a single H2-K(b) or H2-D(b) gene. Influenza A infection of Tg HLA-B27(hyb)/DKO generated a strong CD8(+) T cell response directed at the same peptide (flu nucleoprotein NP383-391) recognized by CTLs from flu-infected B27(+) humans. As HLA-B7/flu epitopes were not known from human studies, we used flu-infected Tg HLA-B7(hyb)/DKO mice to examine the CTL response to candidate peptides identified based on the B7 binding motif. We have identified flu NP418-426 as a major HLA-B7-restricted flu CTL epitope. In summary, the HLA class I Tg/H2-K/H2-D DKO mouse model described in this study provides a sensitive and specific approach for identifying and characterizing HLA-restricted CTL epitopes for a variety of human disease-associated Ags.