Systemic air embolism after intercostal chest drain insertion and positive pressure ventilation in chest trauma.

Systemic air embolism is a potentially lethal often unrecognised complication of severe chest trauma. We present a case of delayed diagnosis of cerebral air embolism in a patient with severe thoracic trauma. The initiation of positive pressure ventilation, systemic hypotension, intraparenchymal chest drains and aerial transfer to an intensive care unit were all factors contributing to the development of systemic air embolism. The common clinical features, diagnostic tests and management of systemic air emboli are discussed.