Primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the uterus: a case report with cytological correlation and review of the literature.

A case of primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) co-existing with endometrial adenocarcinoma of the uterus is reported in a 48-year-old female. Histologically, the neoplastic cells formed neuroectodermal rosettes and displayed ependymal differentiation. Focal positive immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD57 and cytokeratins was noted. Merging imperceptibly with the neuroectodermal component were areas of endometrial adenocarcinoma and, to the best of our knowledge, this report represents the second case of a uterine PNET with an admixed müllerian component. The patient was disease-free 6 months following surgical resection of the tumour. The literature on this uncommon entity is critically reviewed and the histogenesis, differential diagnoses and cytomorphological features of PNET are also discussed.