Promotion of transcript accumulation of novel Zinnia immature xylem-specific HD-Zip III homeobox genes by brassinosteroids.

We isolated three novel homeobox genes (ZeHB-10, -11 and -12) from Zinnia elegans to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying vascular system formation. ZeHB-10, -11 and -12 encode for HD-Zip proteins of the class III to which Arabidopsis Athb-8, -9, -14, -15 and IFL1 belong. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the ZeHB-10, -11 and -12 mRNAs accumulated preferentially in procambium and immature xylem cells in 14-day-old plants. Transcripts for the three genes also accumulated in cultured Zinnia cells in a xylogenesis-specific manner. The accumulation of transcripts for all of ZeHB-10, -11 and -12 in cultured Zinnia cells was suppressed strongly by uniconazole, an inhibitor of brassinosteroid synthesis, and such suppression was reversed by the addition of brassinolide, a biologically active brassinosteroid. Thus the expression of ZeHB-10, -11 and -12 may be regulated by endogenous levels of brassinosteroids. Taken together with the fact that ZeHB-10, -11 and -12 proteins can bind to each other in yeast, the roles of HD-Zip III genes in vascular development are discussed.