Modeling, optimization and experimental assessment of continuous L-(-)-carnitine production by Escherichia coli cultures.

In a previous paper Cánovas et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 2002;77:764-775) presented a model for L-(-)-carnitine production using Escherichia coli O44 K74, in a cell-recycle bioreactor for the biotransformation of crotonobetaine into L-carnitine. In this work we optimize this biotechnological setup and experimentally verify the predicted optimal parameter profiles. Provided with a reliable and robust S-system description of the cell-bioreactor combined system, we applied the Indirect Optimization Method described by Torres et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 1997;55(5):758-772; Food Technol Biotechnol 1998;36(3):177-184). This optimization approach provides different parameter value profiles, all of which are compatible with the cell physiology and the bioreactor operating conditions, that yield increased rates of L-(-)-carnitine production. Three parameters were seen to be of critical importance for maximizing L-(-)-carnitine production: the dilution rate, the initial crotonobetaine concentration, and the carnitine dehydratase activity. When the first two were changed in the experimental setup, there was a 74% increase in the L-(-)-carnitine production rate, performance that was in close agreement with the predictions of the model. In accordance with the optimized solution, a further improvement (90% increase in the L-(-)-carnitine production rate) could be attained by over-expressing up to 5 times the carnitine dehydratase basal activity. Thus the optimization approach shown herein provides experimental evidence of a new strategy which demonstrates the possible variables that can be subjected to modifications compatible with the cell physiology and bioreactor operating conditions, and which are able to yield increased rates of L-(-)-carnitine production. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.