The intraaortic balloon pump in cardiac surgery.

The intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) has been used in cardiac operations since the late 1960s. Over the years, with refinements in technology, its use has expanded; the IABP is now the most commonly used mechanical assist device in cardiac operative procedures. This review provides an evaluation of evidence for the efficacy of IABP use in different clinical scenarios, using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification of evidence where appropriate. We evaluated complications and outcomes associated with IABP use, and attempted to draw conclusions regarding the use of the IABP in different clinical situations. We examined the trends and variation in utilization over time and across centers. We discussed the IABP in light of new cardiac assist devices and the changing patient population and management strategies. Lastly, we identified areas of future research.