BACKGROUND: Peel oil from citrus fruits consists of R-(+)-limonene, which is one of the most commonly used fragrance materials in technical products and in fine fragrances. This substance forms allergenic oxidation products during handling and storage. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to study the frequency of allergic reactions to oxidized R-(+)-limonene in patients with dermatitis and find a suitable test preparation. METHOD: Patch testing with oxidized R-(+)-limonene was performed on 2273 patients at 4 dermatology clinics in Europe. RESULTS: Of the consecutive patients tested, 3.8% to 3.9% had positive reactions in two of the clinics; 6.5% had positive reactions in the third clinic; and 0.3% had positive reactions in the fourth clinic. A total of 63 patients showed positive reactions. In total, 57% of the patients did not react to fragrance mix or balsam of Peru. We recommend testing with 3% oxidized R-(+)-limonene in patients referred for patch testing. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of oxidized limonene allergy provides clinical evidence for the European classification of R-(+)-limonene that contains oxidation products as skin sensitizers.
BACKGROUND: Peel oil from citrus fruits consists of R-(+)-limonene, which is one of the most commonly used fragrance materials in technical products and in fine fragrances. This substance forms allergenic oxidation products during handling and storage. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to study the frequency of allergic reactions to oxidized R-(+)-limonene in patients with dermatitis and find a suitable test preparation. METHOD: Patch testing with oxidized R-(+)-limonene was performed on 2273 patients at 4 dermatology clinics in Europe. RESULTS: Of the consecutive patients tested, 3.8% to 3.9% had positive reactions in two of the clinics; 6.5% had positive reactions in the third clinic; and 0.3% had positive reactions in the fourth clinic. A total of 63 patients showed positive reactions. In total, 57% of the patients did not react to fragrance mix or balsam of Peru. We recommend testing with 3% oxidized R-(+)-limonene in patients referred for patch testing. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of oxidized limoneneallergy provides clinical evidence for the European classification of R-(+)-limonene that contains oxidation products as skin sensitizers.
Authors: Nicholas M Smith; Hossein Ebrahimi; Ranajay Ghosh; Andrew K Dickerson Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2018-06-11 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: M Peiser; T Tralau; J Heidler; A M Api; J H E Arts; D A Basketter; J English; T L Diepgen; R C Fuhlbrigge; A A Gaspari; J D Johansen; A T Karlberg; I Kimber; J P Lepoittevin; M Liebsch; H I Maibach; S F Martin; H F Merk; T Platzek; T Rustemeyer; A Schnuch; R J Vandebriel; I R White; A Luch Journal: Cell Mol Life Sci Date: 2011-10-14 Impact factor: 9.261