Human performance: a role for the ACE genotype?

The I allele of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with lower ACE activity and endurance performance; an excess occurs in elite distance runners, rowers, and mountaineers, perhaps secondary to enhanced muscle efficiency. Conversely, the D allele is associated with training-related strength gain and elite power-oriented performance secondary to increased ACE and angiotensin II, a growth factor.