Physiological role of soluble fumarate reductase in redox balancing during anaerobiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are two isoenzymes of fumarate reductase (FRDS1 and FRDS2), encoded by the FRDS and OSM1 genes, respectively. Simultaneous disruption of these two genes results in a growth defect of the yeast under anaerobic conditions, while disruption of the OSM1 gene causes slow growth. However, the metabolic role of these isoenzymes has been unclear until now. In the present study, we found that the anaerobic growth of the strain disrupted for both the FRDS and OSM1 genes was fully restored by adding the oxidized form of methylene blue or phenazine methosulfate, which non-enzymatically oxidize cellular NADH to NAD(+). When methylene blue was added at growth-limiting concentrations, growth was completely arrested after exhaustion of oxidized methylene blue. In the double-disrupted strain, the accumulation of succinate in the supernatant was markedly decreased during anaerobic growth in the presence of methylene blue. These results suggest that fumarate reductase isoenzymes are required for the reoxidation of intracellular NADH under anaerobic conditions, but not aerobic conditions.