Mapping absorbance spectra, cone fractions, and neuronal mechanisms to photopic spectral sensitivity in the zebrafish.

The four spectral cone types in the zebrafish retina each contribute to photopic visual sensitivity as measured by the b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG). The goal of the current study was to evaluate a model of photopic b-wave spectral sensitivity in the zebrafish that mapped first-order cellular and biophysical aspects of cone photoreceptors (visual pigment absorbance spectra and cone fractions) onto a second-order physiological aspect of cone-derived neural activity in the retina. Good correspondence between the model and photopic ERG data was attained using new visual pigment absorbance data for zebrafish cones (lambda(max) of the L, M, and S cones were 564, 473, and 407 nm, respectively), visual pigment templates, and linearly gained cone fractions. The model inferred four distinct cone processing channels that contribute to the photopic b-wave, two of which are antagonistic combinations of cone-derived signals (L-M and M-S), and two of which are noncombinatorial signals from S and U cones. The nature of the gains and the processing channels suggested general rules of cone-specific inputs to second-order neurons. The model further suggested that the zebrafish retina utilizes neuronal mechanisms for enhancing sensitivity to luminance contrast at short wavelengths and chromatic contrast at middle and long wavelengths. The results indicated that first-order cellular and biophysical aspects of cone photoreceptors can successfully explain physiological aspects of cone-derived neuronal activity in the zebrafish retina.