Distribution patterns of PCNA and ANP in perinatal stages of the developing rat heart.

Distribution patterns of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were determined immunohistochemically and morphometrically in atrium and ventriculum of the developing rat heart in different stages of the perinatal period. During the prenatal period, PCNA and ANP were localized in opposite patterns, particularly in trabecular myocytes. A distinct reduction in the percentage of PCNA-positive nuclei was detected starting at day 19 of the prenatal period, and these cells were rarely observed on postnatal days 30 and 60. In cardiomyocytes, a distinct increase in ANP positivity was found, whereas PCNA positivity was very low. It is concluded that PCNA expression gradually decreased from prenatal day 19 onwards, whereas ANP expression increased in atria throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods, except for a decrease in ANP expression in ventricles from prenatal day 21 onwards. The opposite expression patterns of PCNA and ANP in trabecular myocytes of ventricles indicate that ANP may have antimitogenic/antiproliferative effects in trabecular myocytes.