PURPOSE: In cancer the blood-borne spread of tumor cells leads to the formation of secondary tumors at distant loci whereby the extravasation of tumor cells is a prerequisite step during hematogenous metastasis. Here, we describe a novel in vitro realtime model which shows the complete sequence of the extravasation process. METHODS: We developed an in vitro system allowing us to monitor the sequence of extravasation events of tumor cell clusters across a monolayer of human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC). Fluorescence markers and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to visualize the interactions between tumor cells and endothelium. RESULTS: Our model indicates that the extravasation of tumor cell clusters derived from the invasive human bladder carcinoma cell line T24 occurs in a relatively short time-frame up to 4 h after adhesion to the endothelium. We demonstrate that the vascular endothelium is irreversibly damaged at the site of tumor cell extravasation. CONCLUSION: Realtime laser scanning confocal microscopy leads to a better understanding of the complex and dynamic cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions during the extravasation process.
PURPOSE: In cancer the blood-borne spread of tumor cells leads to the formation of secondary tumors at distant loci whereby the extravasation of tumor cells is a prerequisite step during hematogenous metastasis. Here, we describe a novel in vitro realtime model which shows the complete sequence of the extravasation process. METHODS: We developed an in vitro system allowing us to monitor the sequence of extravasation events of tumor cell clusters across a monolayer of human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC). Fluorescence markers and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to visualize the interactions between tumor cells and endothelium. RESULTS: Our model indicates that the extravasation of tumor cell clusters derived from the invasive humanbladder carcinoma cell line T24 occurs in a relatively short time-frame up to 4 h after adhesion to the endothelium. We demonstrate that the vascular endothelium is irreversibly damaged at the site of tumor cell extravasation. CONCLUSION: Realtime laser scanning confocal microscopy leads to a better understanding of the complex and dynamic cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions during the extravasation process.
Authors: Yekaterina B Khotskaya; Benjamin H Beck; Douglas R Hurst; Zhenbo Han; Weiya Xia; Mien-Chie Hung; Danny R Welch Journal: Mol Carcinog Date: 2013-09-02 Impact factor: 4.784
Authors: Christoph Heyder; Eva Gloria-Maercker; Wolfgang Hatzmann; Bernd Niggemann; Kurt S Zänker; Thomas Dittmar Journal: Clin Exp Metastasis Date: 2005 Impact factor: 5.150
Authors: Thomas Dittmar; Christoph Heyder; Eva Gloria-Maercker; Wolfgang Hatzmann; Kurt S Zänker Journal: Clin Exp Metastasis Date: 2007-09-08 Impact factor: 5.150