OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic status (SES) in adulthood is known to be related to carotid atherosclerosis. However, few studies have tried to assess its association with SES from a life-course perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relationship between SES in childhood and in adulthood and carotid atherosclerosis in a general population of Swedish men and women. Carotid stenosis was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results showed that women whose fathers' occupations involved unskilled manual labor had higher odds of carotid stenosis than did women whose fathers' occupations involved high- or medium-level nonmanual labor, even after adjustment for adult occupational status and risk factors (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8). No such association appeared in men. Furthermore, the impact of life-course SES on atherosclerosis was examined by using an additive measure of one's combined SES during childhood and adulthood. Among women, the odds of carotid stenosis increased with a rise in exposure to low SES during the life-course (P for trend <0.001). In men, no such trend was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the total life-course exposure to low SES, with contributions from childhood and adulthood, seems to play a role in atherogenesis in women. Such a pattern of association could not be shown in men.
OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic status (SES) in adulthood is known to be related to carotid atherosclerosis. However, few studies have tried to assess its association with SES from a life-course perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relationship between SES in childhood and in adulthood and carotid atherosclerosis in a general population of Swedish men and women. Carotid stenosis was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results showed that women whose fathers' occupations involved unskilled manual labor had higher odds of carotid stenosis than did women whose fathers' occupations involved high- or medium-level nonmanual labor, even after adjustment for adult occupational status and risk factors (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8). No such association appeared in men. Furthermore, the impact of life-course SES on atherosclerosis was examined by using an additive measure of one's combined SES during childhood and adulthood. Among women, the odds of carotid stenosis increased with a rise in exposure to low SES during the life-course (P for trend <0.001). In men, no such trend was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the total life-course exposure to low SES, with contributions from childhood and adulthood, seems to play a role in atherogenesis in women. Such a pattern of association could not be shown in men.
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Authors: Marjolein de Weerd; Jacoba P Greving; Bo Hedblad; Matthias W Lorenz; Ellisiv B Mathiesen; Daniel H O'Leary; Maria Rosvall; Matthias Sitzer; Gert Jan de Borst; Erik Buskens; Michiel L Bots Journal: Stroke Date: 2014-07-03 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: Päivi Merjonen; Laura Pulkki-Råback; Sampsa Puttonen; Pertti Keskivaara; Markus Juonala; Risto Telama; Jorma Viikari; Olli T Raitakari; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen Journal: J Behav Med Date: 2007-10-17