Medical management of abdominal compartment syndrome: case report and a caution.

We report the case of a 55 year old woman who developed abdominal compartment syndrome [ACS] following total gastrectomy for caustic ingestion. Contributing factors for the development of ACS included peritonitis and massive fluid resuscitation for cardiovascular support of septic shock. The adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of intra-abdominal hypertension [IAH] were reversed with pharmacological neuromuscular blockade [NMB]. Surgical decompression of ACS was, therefore, postponed, but the patient required re-operation for intra-abdominal sepsis several days later and subsequently died. Although medical management of ACS with NMB may lower IAH and reverse its negative cardiopulmonary effects, surgical decompression may still be required for definitive treatment.