Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol on acoustic startle responses in rats.

Long-term (3 months) ovariectomized (OVX) rats were used to model hormone withdrawal as occurring in menopause. We previously reported alterations in brain dopamine (DA), GABA and serotonin receptors following ovariectomy in this model. To assess the functional effect of these biochemical changes, we compared rats that were intact, OVX and OVX-treated with 17beta-estradiol (E(2); OVX+E(2)) for 2 weeks on measures of their acoustic startle responses (ASR) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. The effects of a mixed D(1)/D(2) dopaminergic agonist, apomorphine (APO; 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg sc) were tested on ASR and PPI of acoustic startle. Without APO, all groups of rats showed no difference in baseline ASR or PPI of acoustic startle. Following administration of APO (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg), ASR was significantly increased in OVX rats compared to intact rats and this was corrected with E(2) treatment. In all groups of animals, APO decreased PPI of acoustic startle. APO disrupted PPI to a lesser extent in OVX animals with or without E(2) treatment compared to intact rats. However, when group differences in APO-induced ASR were statistically controlled for, there were no longer any differences in APO disruption of PPI among the three treatment groups. These results indicate that long-term ovariectomy has persistent effects on the modulation of ASR, and these effects can be at least partly corrected with E(2) replacement therapy.