BACKGROUND: Efforts to develop topical microbicide products have all but ignored evaluation for rectal use. GOAL: The goal of this study was to assess the effects of multiple rectal applications of Conceptrol (containing 4% nonoxynol-9) on flora and mucosal tissues in the pig-tailed macaque model. STUDY DESIGN: Monkeys (8 per group) received daily rectal applications of Conceptrol, placebo gel, or no product, for 3 days. At each visit, a preapplication rectal lavage specimen and swab specimen for microbiology and pH determination were collected. Conceptrol or placebo gel (2.5 ml) was then administered intrarectally. Fifteen minutes after application, samples were again collected. RESULTS: Gross observation of rectal lavage indicated sheets of epithelium 15 minutes after application of the nonoxynol-9 product. Histopathology of these samples revealed epithelial sheets with stroma attached. The presence of H(2)O(2)-producing lactobacilli remained relatively constant, whereas that of H(2)O(2)-producing viridans streptococci diminished in all nonoxynol-9-exposed animals in which these organisms were detected at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated applications of nonoxynol-9 disrupts the rectal mucosa of the pig-tailed macaque. The disruption of these tissues could have serious implications for an increase in likelihood of acquisition of sexually transmitted infection/HIV in humans.
BACKGROUND: Efforts to develop topical microbicide products have all but ignored evaluation for rectal use. GOAL: The goal of this study was to assess the effects of multiple rectal applications of Conceptrol (containing 4% nonoxynol-9) on flora and mucosal tissues in the pig-tailed macaque model. STUDY DESIGN: Monkeys (8 per group) received daily rectal applications of Conceptrol, placebo gel, or no product, for 3 days. At each visit, a preapplication rectal lavage specimen and swab specimen for microbiology and pH determination were collected. Conceptrol or placebo gel (2.5 ml) was then administered intrarectally. Fifteen minutes after application, samples were again collected. RESULTS: Gross observation of rectal lavage indicated sheets of epithelium 15 minutes after application of the nonoxynol-9 product. Histopathology of these samples revealed epithelial sheets with stroma attached. The presence of H(2)O(2)-producing lactobacilli remained relatively constant, whereas that of H(2)O(2)-producing viridans streptococci diminished in all nonoxynol-9-exposed animals in which these organisms were detected at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated applications of nonoxynol-9 disrupts the rectal mucosa of the pig-tailed macaque. The disruption of these tissues could have serious implications for an increase in likelihood of acquisition of sexually transmitted infection/HIV in humans.
Authors: Phalguni Gupta; Deena Ratner; Ming Ding; Bruce Patterson; Lisa C Rohan; Todd A Reinhart; Velpandi Ayyavoo; Xioli Huang; Dorothy L Patton; Bharat Ramratnam; Alexander M Cole Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2012-08-15 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Robert F Rando; Sakae Obara; Mark C Osterling; Marie Mankowski; Shendra R Miller; Mary L Ferguson; Fred C Krebs; Brian Wigdahl; Mohamed Labib; Hiroyasu Kokubo Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2006-09 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Sandeep Gupta; Poonam Pegu; David J Venzon; Johannes S Gach; Zhong-Min Ma; Gary Landucci; Christopher J Miller; Genoveffa Franchini; Donald N Forthal Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2014-05-21 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Lisa C Rohan; Bernard J Moncla; Ratiya Pamela Kunjara Na Ayudhya; Marilyn Cost; Yunda Huang; Fang Gai; Nicole Billitto; J D Lynam; Kara Pryke; Phillip Graebing; Nicole Hopkins; James F Rooney; David Friend; Charlene S Dezzutti Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-02-19 Impact factor: 3.240