Use of electrophysiologic testing to assess risk in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

In adults with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the likelihood of sudden death can be estimated based upon the presence or absence of symptoms. Comparable data in children do not exist. To date, therefore, invasive risk stratification has been used to guide management regarding radiofrequency ablation in symptomatic children. As the safety of electrophysiology study and radiofrequency ablation in children has improved, asymptomatic patients have been referred more commonly for invasive risk stratification. We sought to compare the findings from electrophysiologic studies in symptomatic children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome to the findings in asymptomatic children with Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern on their electrocardiogram. Thus, we compared the findings from electrophysiologic studies carried out in patients seen at Stanford University and University of California, San Francisco, from April 1999 to February 2001 with a preexcitation pattern on their electrocardiogram. The patients were divided into three groups: 23 asymptomatic patients studied for risk stratification, 19 patients who presented with syncope, and 77 patients presenting with documented supraventricular tachycardia. Data were collected for commonly accepted invasive criterions for stratification of risk: an effective refractory period of the accessory pathway less than 270 ms, multiple pathways, septal location of pathway, and inducibility of supraventricular tachycardia. Groups were compared by chi-square. No differences were found between the groups for any of the variables. These data suggest that risk factors for sudden death, developed in studies of adult patients, are not clearly applicable to children. Further studies are needed better to define the indications for study and ablation in children.