Cloning of human, murine, and marsupial keratin 7 and a survey of K7 expression in the mouse.

Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins expressed by epithelial cells. Keratin 7 (K7) is expressed in a wide range of epithelial structures in humans. We have cloned and fully sequenced the human and mouse K7 genes and mRNAs, and the K7 mRNA from the marsupial Potorous tridactylis, from which the widely used simple epithelial cell lines PtK1 and PtK2 are derived. Percentage identity plots comparing the mouse and human genomic sequences revealed a number of conserved CpG islands associated with the K7 gene. There was considerable conservation of introns between the two species, which may indicate the presence of intronic regulatory elements. Only the most proximal 500bp of the promoter was conserved, although an additional conserved sequence island was found 2-3kb upstream. Protein sequence comparisons between the three species allowed identification of conserved regions of the keratin variable domains that may be candidates for protein-protein interactions and/or regulatory modification. From the mouse sequence, we generated a polyclonal rabbit antibody specific for murine K7. This antibody was used to perform a survey of K7 expression in the mouse. The expression pattern was similar to the reported human distribution, with substantial expression observed in lung, bladder, mesothelium, hair follicle, and ductal structures. We also noted previously unreported expression of K7 in the gastrointestinal tract and filiform papillae of the tongue and specific K7 expression in a range of "hard" epithelial tissues. The distribution of K7 in mouse and availability of genomic sequence from the 129/Sv mouse strain will allow the generation and analysis of transgenic mice expressing mutant forms of K7 and to predict the phenotype of human genetic disorders caused by mutations in this keratin.