Transgenic mouse models and germ cell transplantation: two excellent tools for the analysis of genes regulating male fertility.

This review presents new horizons for research opened by the combination of transgenic mouse technology and germ cell transplantation. Germ cell transfer allows to study defects causing subfertility or infertility in many mutant or transgenic mice. The successful culture, cryopreservation, and stable transfection of spermatogonial stem cells combined with the germ cell transplantation technique provide an alternative route for manipulation of the male germ line.